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What are the Net-Zero Scenarios?

Net-Zero Scenarios represent the future of our society and the outlook of transition by sector when carbon neutrality is achieved in 2050. These scenarios can serve as a compass to establish the directions of detailed policies, transition speeds, etc.

Why 2050? Why 1.5℃?

According to the “Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5℃” published in 2018, the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) determined that the average temperature of the earth was approximately 1℃ higher in 2017 compared to pre-industrial levels. Moreover, the IPCC has predicted that global temperatures are likely to rise to 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels between 2030 and 2052.

In contrast,the IPCC AR6 WG1 report published in 2021, stated that the aforementioned 1.5℃ global temperature increase is expected to occur between 2021 and 2050, which is 10 years earlier than the previous forecast. Therefore, further preemptive responses from the international community are urgently needed.

Procedure
& Progress
  • 1. Preparation of basic data for the Net-Zero Scenario Technical Working Group

    10 Sub-commisisons and 72 experts (mainly consisting of personnel from government-run research institutes) participated in predicting the potential GHG emissions.

  • 2. Launching of the 2050 Carbon Neutrality Commission (May 2021)

    The 2050 Carbon Neutrality Commission is composed of experts from different sectors, specializing in areas related to the climate, energy, industry, labor, economy, conflict management, education, and communications, as well as the civil society, youth, workers, farmers, and local governments.

  • 3. Revision of the Scenarios and release of drafts (August 2021)

    Reviewed the draft net-zero Scenarios, prepared by the Technical Working Group.

  • 4. Collection of opinions from consultation bodies

    Held meetings and collected opinions from citizens and various sectors for two months.

  • 5. Operated Citizens’ Coucil on Carbon Neutrality

    Selected 500 random people consisting of men and women aged 15 and over to organize the Citizens’ Coucil on Carbon Neutrality and collected opinions through Council meetings.

  • 6. Announcement of Scenarios (October 2021)

    Deliberated and determined at a cabinet meeting.

Final Net-Zero
Scenarios
There are two scenarios, both of which aim at net-zero domestic GHG emissions. While Scenario A entails the complete elimination of thermal power generation, Scenario B actively utilizes various technologies, such as CCUS, instead of the existing thermal power generation. The emission goals by sector are summarized in the table below.
See the attached scenarios for reduction strategies by sector as well as the details of the policy proposals.

* Based on the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5℃, under the premise that all countries achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, assuming that there are no overseas reductions by 2050.
Final 2050 Net-Zero Scenarios
 
Type Sector 2018 Final Remarks
Scenario A Scenario B
Emission Amount 686.3 0 0  
Emissions Energy Transformation 269.6 0 20.7
  • (Scenario A) Complete discontinuance of thermal power generation
  • (Scenario B) Partial generation of thermal power using liquefied natural gas (LNG)
Industries 260.5 51.1 51.1  
Buildings 52.1 6.2 6.2  
Transportation 98.1 2.8 9.2
  • (Scenario A) Complete transition into electric vehicles, hydrogen vehicles, etc. in the road sector
  • (Scenario B) Use of alternative fuels (e-fuel, etc.) for internal combustion engine vehicles in the road sector
Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries 24.7 15.4 15.4  
Waste 17.1 4.4 4.4  
Hydrogen - 0 9
  • (Scenario A) Use of electrolysis for all domestic hydrogen production (green hydrogen)
  • (Scenario B) Partial supply of domestically produced hydrogen using by-products/extracted hydrogen
Omissions 5.6 0.5 1.3  
Absorption and Removal Carbon Sinks -41.3 -25.3 -25.3  
Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage (CCUS) - -55.1 -84.6  
Direct Air Capture (DAC) - - -7.4
  • Assumption that the captured carbon is utilized as an alternative fuel for vehicles

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